Kerala is a land of enriched historical occurrences. The earlier inhabitants of Kerala were Negritoes, Protoastroloids, and Mediteranians. It is believed that they lived here from 10th century BC and spoke an archaic form of Tamil. Kerala had sea trade relations with Indus valley civilization. The Aryans formed the earliest ruling dynasty in South Kerala. Then Cheras ruled over the central portion of the present day Kerala and had their capital at Vanchi. The political condition of Kerala at the close of the 15th century, before the advent of Portuguese presented complex feudal scene. The landing of Vasco-da-Gama at Kappad (near Kozhikode) in 1498 marked the beginning of a new epoch in the history of Kerala. Portuguese relations have significant effects on the whole life of Kerala. The Dutch were more comfortably placed in Kerala than Portuguese. The English secured their foothold in Kerala in 1682.When the whole of India fought against British, Kerala too joined the brigade. She too had her share of sathyagrahas and agitations. Later when India became free, Travancore joined Indian union and the first ministry under Patton Thanu pillai was installed in 1948. In 1956, the new state of Kerala came into being formally.